{"id":190,"date":"2020-06-15T07:12:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T11:12:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/?p=190"},"modified":"2020-06-12T13:27:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T17:27:10","slug":"environmental-impact-of-producing-a-kwh-of-electricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/environmental-impact-of-producing-a-kwh-of-electricity\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Impact of Producing a kWh of Electricity"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Does a kWh of electricity result in the same environmental impact regardless of where we generate it?<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_103\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-103\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lisa-peterson-small.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-103 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lisa-peterson-small.jpg\" alt=\"Sustainability and Contiunous Improvement Expert Lisa Peterson\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lisa-peterson-small.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lisa-peterson-small-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-103\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Peterson is a professional Sustainability, ISO 14001, and Continuous Process Improvement Consultant with a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In a previous article, we explained how an inventory of all inputs and outputs is necessary to conduct a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/p\/life-cycle-management.html\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)<\/a>.\u00a0 In addition, we explained that the benefit of an LCA is to understand environmental impact.\u00a0\u00a0We also demonstrated that for corporations with facilities throughout the world, it&#8217;s essential to specify the location.\u00a0 Similarly, when inputs or outputs have various processing options, it&#8217;s essential to use the appropriate process option in the LCA model to get a valid and accurate result.\u00a0 For example, electricity is a typical input to most facilities, while waste water is a typical output to most facilities.\u00a0 In this article, we&#8217;ll look at two examples using electricity production and waste water disposal.<\/p>\n<h3>Electricity Production Considerations<\/h3>\n<p>First, let&#8217;s look at an example that demonstrates why it&#8217;s crucial to consider where we produce a kWh of electricity. In this example, we\u2019ll use two of the commonly known midpoint impact categories of<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Global Warming (Climate Change); and<\/li>\n<li>Particulate Matter (Human Health \u2013 Lung Function).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The scenario modeled below is a factory with 470K <span class=\"SpellE\">sq<\/span>\u00a0ft of manufacturing floor space and 150K\u00a0<span class=\"SpellE\">sq<\/span>\u00a0ft of office space.\u00a0\u00a0We are assuming that the factory uses 100kWh\/<span class=\"SpellE\">sq<\/span> ft, and the office uses 20kWh\/<span class=\"SpellE\">sq<\/span> ft annually.\u00a0 Therefore, the total annual consumption of electricity is approximately 50 million kWh.<\/p>\n<h3>Environmental Impact from a Global Warming Perspective<\/h3>\n<p>The point of the chart below is not that this hypothetical factory is using 50 million kWh of electricity. Instead, the illustration shows the environmental impact differing significantly depending on the location of this facility.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-203 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big-300x179.png\" alt=\"Global Warming Impact on the Environment from Electricity Production\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big-1024x609.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big-768x457.png 768w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1big.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The chart above shows the midpoint impact category of Global Warming Air in kg CO2 equivalent. In this example, we see that India\u2019s electricity production releases more than twice the CO2 equivalent compared to the United States\u2019 electricity production.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh1.png\">Environmental Impact from Particulate Matter Perspective<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The chart below shows the kg of 2.5 micron-sized particulate matter released in the air as a result of this amount of electricity production.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>China\u2019s electricity production releases more than 25 times the amount of particulate matter air pollution compared to the United States\u2019 production.<\/li>\n<li>India&#8217;s electricity production releases nearly 40 times the air pollution than the United States&#8217; production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-204 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big-300x178.png\" alt=\"Particulate Matter Impact on the Environment from Electricity Production\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big-1024x608.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh2big.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Waste Water Processing Considerations<\/h3>\n<p>Next, let&#8217;s look at an example that demonstrates why it&#8217;s crucial to consider process details of inputs and outputs. In this hypothetical example, the factory is located in the US and produces 10,000 gallons of wastewater per weekday.\u00a0\u00a0The critical consideration here is whether the sewage treatment plant that processes their wastewater sends their sludge output to be<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>applied for agricultural benefit;<\/li>\n<li>landfilled; or<\/li>\n<li>lastly, incinerated for energy recovery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-205 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big-300x179.png\" alt=\"Waste Water Impact on the Environment from Electricity Production\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big-1024x609.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big-768x457.png 768w, https:\/\/www.aftansustainability.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kwh3big.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>In this example, we see in the chart above that from the perspective of the midpoint impact category of Global Warming<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the best solution is incinerating sludge for energy recovery;<\/li>\n<li>the second best solution is agricultural land application; and<\/li>\n<li>lastly, the least favorable approach is placing sludge in a landfill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>In conclusion, these two examples of electricity production and wastewater disposal highlight the importance of specifying location and process details for accurately modeling midpoint impacts and performing Life Cycle Assessment modeling.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Does a kWh of electricity result in the same environmental impact regardless of where we generate it? In a previous article, we explained how an inventory of all inputs and outputs is necessary to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).\u00a0 In addition, we explained that the benefit of an LCA is to understand environmental impact.\u00a0\u00a0We [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Environmental Impact of Producing a kWh of Electricity | Aftan Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover why the environmental impact of producing a kWh of electricy vaies greatly dependin upon where it&#039;s generated. 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